الملخص العربي الملف الوبائي والنسيجي المرضي ألورام الفم والرأس والرقبة في المعهد الوطني للسرطان: تحليل استعادي لمدة خمس سنوات )2020-2024) المقدمة ًرا في العالم، وتتمتع بمعدالت بقاء منخفضة تُعّد سرطانات الشفة وتجويف الفم من أكثر األورام الخبيثة انتشا على قيد الحياة رغم التقدم العالجي. في ليبيا، ال تزال البيانات الوبائية حول أورام الفم والرأس والرقبة محدودة. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى توصيف الوضع الوبائي والنسيجي المرضي لهذه األورام على مدى خمس سنوات في المعهد الوطني للسرطان في صبراتة، من عام 2020 إلى عام 2024. ا جريت مراجعة بأثر رجعي لجميع حاالت السرطان والساركوما ال ُمثبتة نسيجيًا في تجويف الفم ُ لطريقة: أ والرأس والرقبة، والمسجلة في أرشيفات المعهد الوطني للسرطان. استُخلصت البيانات الديموغرافية للمرضى )اإلصدار 2.0.4 )Rالعمر والجنس(، وموقع الورم، والتشخيص النسيجي المرضي. ُحللت البيانات باستخدام لحساب متوسط العمر، وتوزيع الجنس، والتكرارات الخاصة بالموقع، والنسب السنوية ألورام الفم مقارنةً بإجمالي حاالت السرطان حالة سرطان ُمبل 48 حالة )59.0 )%منها ّ النتائج: من بين 152,8 غ عنها على مدار خمس سنوات، كانت أورا ًما فموية. تراوحت نسب األورام الفموية السنوية بين 34.0 %عام 2020 و83.0 %عام 2023 .تألفت ذكًر 58 )%و20 أنثى )42 ،)%بنسبة ذكور إلى إناث بلغت 1:4.1 .كان متوسط عمر المجموعة من 28 ا ) عا ًما(. كان اللسان أكثر المناطق تأث ًر )5.42 ،)%يليه الفك العلوي المرضى 2.54 عا ًما )النطاق: 12-89 ا )15 )%والبلعوم األنفي )5.12 .)%شكّل سرطان الخاليا الحرشفية )%69) SCC من الحاالت، وسرطان الغدد 19 ،%والساركوما 12 .%ومن بين حاالت سرطان الخاليا الحرشفية، بلغت نسبة الذكور 55 .% االستنتاج: شكلت أورام الفم والرأس والرقبة أقل من 1 %من جميع حاالت السرطان في المعهد الوطني للسرطان خالل الفترة 2020-2024 ،حيث أصابت بشكل رئيسي كبار السن من الذكور، وغالبًا ما شملت سرطان الخاليا الحرشفية اللسان. تؤكد هذه النتائج على ضرورة إجراء فحص ُمستهدف في المواقع التشريحية والفئات الديموغرافية عالية الخطورة. ينبغي أن تُدمج الدراسات المستقبلية عوامل الخطر السلوكية والبيئية لتوجيه استراتيجيات الوقاية والكشف المبكر. الكلمات المفتاحية: أورام الفم - سرطان الرأس والرقبة - سرطان الخاليا الحرشفية - التحليل بأثر رجعي - علم الاوبئة

Abstract Background: Cancers of the lip and oral cavity rank among the world’s most prevalent malignancies and carry poor survival rates despite therapeutic advances. In Libya, epidemiological data on oral and head‐and‐neck tumors remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the five‐year epidemiological and histopathological profile of these tumors at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Sabratha, from 2020 to 2024. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all histologically confirmed carcinomas and sarcomas of the oral cavity, head, and neck recorded in the NCI archives. Patient demographics (age, sex), tumor site, and histopathologic diagnosis were extracted. Data were analyzed using R (v4.0.2) to calculate mean age, gender distribution, site‐specific frequencies, and annual proportions of oral tumors relative to total cancer cases. Results: Among 8,152 cancer cases reported over five years, 48 (0.59%) were oral tumors. Annual oral tumor proportions ranged from 0.34% in 2020 to 0.83% in 2023. The cohort comprised 28 males (58%) and 20 females (42%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. The mean patient age was 54.2 years (range: 12–89). The tongue was the most affected site (42.5%), followed by maxilla (15%) and nasopharynx (12.5%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constituted 69% of cases, adenocarcinoma 19%, and sarcoma 12%. Among SCCs, 55% occurred in males. Conclusion: Oral and head‐and‐neck tumors comprised less than 1% of all cancers at NCI during 2020–2024, predominantly affecting older males and most frequently involving the tongue as SCC. These findings underscore the need for targeted screening in high‐risk anatomical sites and demographic groups. Future studies should integrate behavioral and environmental risk factors to inform prevention and early‐detection strategies. Keywords:)Oral Tumors-Head-and-neck cancer-Squamous cell carcinomaRetrospective analysis-Epidemiology(

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, causes of tooth loss, and associated factors among the older adult population attending dental clinics in the city of Gharyan in Libya. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among adults who came to private clinics in the city of Gharyan in Libya. There were 160 patients participated in the study. Those that met the inclusion criteria had their data collected via self-administered questionnaires. Computer-assisted techniques used to examine the data (IPMSPSS). The results of the present study indicated that the major cause of tooth loss was dental caries (65.56%), followed by periodontal disease (11.88%). and more teeth loss was in the female than male and increased tooth loss with aging. In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of tooth loss. Females lost more teeth than males. Increased proportion of tooth loss seen in the elderly population.

كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التحقيق في انتشار وأسباب فقدان الأسنان والعوامل المرتبطة بها بين كبار السن الذين يرتادون عيادات الأسنان في مدينة غريان في ليبيا. أجريت دراسة وصفية مقطعية بين البالغين الذين جاءوا إلى العيادات الخاصة في مدينة غريان في ليبيا. شارك في الدراسة 160 مريضًا. تم جمع بيانات أولئك الذين استوفوا معايير الإدراج من خلال استبيانات ذاتية الإدارة. تم استخدام تقنيات بمساعدة الكمبيوتر لفحص البيانات (IPMSPSS). أشارت نتائج الدراسة الحالية إلى أن السبب الرئيسي لفقدان الأسنان كان تسوس الأسنان (65.56٪)، يليه مرض اللثة (11.88٪). وكان فقدان الأسنان أكثر لدى الإناث منه لدى الذكور وزيادة فقدان الأسنان مع تقدم العمر. في الختام، كان هناك انتشار كبير لفقدان الأسنان. فقدت الإناث أسنانًا أكثر من الذكور. زادت نسبة فقدان الأسنان لدى كبار السن

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Malignancy is regarded as a potentially fatal disorder that can impact human health globally. More than 90% of all oral cavity malignancies that have been detected are invasive oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Patients having OSCC still have an extremely poor survival rate, even though medical therapy has advanced significantly. Medicinal plants have been the subject of recent scientific research. Capparis spinosa L. (CS) is among the prominent plants found across the Mediterranean region.According to phytochemical analysis, CS leaves are considered to be a promising therapeutic plant since they are an essential spring of bioactive substances such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Research has indicated that CS extract exhibits anti-carcinogenic properties against numerous forms of cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The current research was to the evaluation of the anti-carcinogenic effect of the ethanolic extract of CS leaves on SCC-4 cell lines contrasted with both the untreated cancer cell lines and Cisplatin treated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This work comprised an in vitro investigation. SCC-4 cell line was separated into 3 groups: group 1 was considered as negative control (untreated), group 2 was positive control (Cisplatin-treated), and group 3 (treated with CS leaves extract). Viability, proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of the CS leaves extract in duration of 48 hours.

RESULTS: Treating SCC-4 cell line with the extract of CS leaves has shown that the viability effect was in a dose-dependent fashion. The IC50 or the half-maximal inhibitory concentration was equal to 176.3μg/ml. Also, CS treatment has elevated the apoptotic cells’ percentage and decreased SCC-4 cells proliferation rate in compare to the untreated cancer cell lines and Cisplatin

action.

CONCLUSION: the extract of CS leaves may have a prominent anti-cancerous effect on OSCC.

KEYWORDS: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Capparis spinosa L., Viability, Proliferation, Apoptosis.

Running Title: Anti-carcinogenic effect of Capparis spinosa L. on SCC-4

الدراسة شملت معدل انتشار الامراض الفموية للغشاء المخاطي ضمن المصابين بمرض السكري في منطقة غريان بالجبل الغربي

الدراسة كانت مقارنة بين نسبة الفلورايد في عينات عشوائيه لمياه طبيعية و مياه معلبة و ذلك لأهمية الفلورايد في تكوين الأسنان و حمايتها من التسوس

Abstract

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the correlation of clinicopathological factors and the up-regulation of Int-8 receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods: Clinical data (age, gender, size of the tumor, location of the tumor, lymph nodes status,..) were collected from 20 patients with OSCC, tabulated and statistically analyzed (SPSS17).Immunohistochemical stainings of Int-8 receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2 (united states biological, United Bio, USA) and VEGF (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) were done.

Results: Our immunohistochemical study demonstrated: 1)expression of Int-8 receptors in all cases of OSCC with variable intensities, 2) high-level staining of VEGF In poorly differentiated and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma. Significant correlation was observed between immunohistochemical expression of Int-8 receptors, VEGF and histologic differentiation and clinical stages(Analysis of variance ANOVA, P<0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the reactivity to Int-8 receptors

observed in OSCC cases could be used as a parameter for tumor aggressiveness and as potential prognostic marker. Also, up-regulation of VEGF may play a role in the angiogenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background:. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a pro-inammatory cytokine which exerts its effects via binding to CXCR1 and

is known to promote angiogenesis. CXCR1 represent potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic target.

Aim of the study: To evaluate the expression of CXCR1 in OSCC and control tissue as well as correlate the expression of the CXCR1to the

clinicopathologic parameters of OSCC .

Material and Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of 22 cases OSCC and 7 control cases sections stained by anti-CXCR1antibody.

Immunohistochemical staining will be performed using a Labeled Strept-Avidin Biotin complex method (LSAB).

Results: Expression was recognized in all cases of OSCC and normal control cases and the pattern of expressed in both the cytoplasm and

nucleus of the malignant epithelial cells (total cell reactivity), as well as high expression was noticed in low histological grade and clinical

stage malignancy, whereas decrease of expression was detected in high grade and stage malignancy.

Conclusions: the results show an association between CXCR1and the clinicopathologic parameters, and considered as prognostic marker

in OSCC

Abstract

Our previous study showed that circulating microvesicles (cMVs) of diabetic mice have negative effects on the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Whether this is true in diabetic patients deserves further study. In this study, the effects of cMVs and EPC-derived MVs (EPC-MVs) on EPC migration, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in healthy controls, well-controlled, and uncontrolled diabetic patients were investigated. The levels of miR-126 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in cMVs, EPC-MVs, and/or EPCs were analyzed. Moreover, miR-126 inhibitor or mimic was applied to EPCs to modulate the miR-126 level in EPC-MVs. We found the following: 1) the circulating EPC level was reduced but the circulating EPC-MV level increased in uncontrolled diabetic patients; 2) the cMVs and EPC-MVs of healthy controls had beneficial effects on EPCs (migration, apoptosis, ROS), whereas the effects were reversely changed in the cMVs and EPC-MVs of uncontrolled diabetic patients; and 3) the cMVs and EPC-MVs of uncontrolled diabetic patients carried less miR-126 and had downregulated VEGFR2 expression in EPCs. Manipulating the miR-126 level in EPC-MVs with inhibitor or mimic changed their function. The effects of cMVs and EPC-MVs are compromised in diabetes due to the reduction of their carried miR-126, which might provide a therapy target for diabetic vascular complications.

diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the major risk factors for various cardiovascular complications. Endothelium dysfunction is a key initiator for vascular disease, which results from increased oxidative stress in the vascular cells (39). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are known to play important roles in maintaining vascular function and structure by repairing or replacing dysfunctional or injured endothelial cells (ECs) (33). Impaired EPC proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, mobilization, and survival have been reported in DM (1, 26). Our previous study has demonstrated that the circulating EPC level is decreased and the function of EPCs impaired in db/db diabetic mice (8). Moreover, we found that the circulating microvesicles (cMVs) of db/db diabetic mice compromised the functions of EPCs. Investigation on the regulatory effects of cMVs on EPCs in diabetic patients could provide novel therapeutic avenues for vascular complications of diabetes.

Extracellular MVs are submicrometric fragments released from the cells in response to activation and apoptosis (22, 37). cMVs are the MVs released from the cells in the blood and from the vascular wall. An elevation of cMV levels has been reported in vascular diseases such as thrombotic diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (2, 8, 25). Furthermore, one study has shown that the level of cMVs could predict the severity of vascular diseases (30). MVs released from EPCs (EPC-MVs) have been reported to serve as an index for EPC loss and functional incompetence (27). Moreover, the level of circulating EPC-MVs can predict aortic stiffness in atherosclerotic patients (27). Therefore, circulating MV and EPC-MV levels could serve as biomarkers and predictors for vascular diseases. On the other hand, accumulating evidence suggests that MVs mediate cell-cell communication via transferring proteins, mRNAs, and miroRNAs (miRs) from their parent cells to the target cells (5, 17, 29). The functions of MVs are complex and multifactorial, depending on the stimulator and origin. Previously, we demonstrated that cMVs of diabetic mice impair the function of EPCs, whereas cMVs of healthy controls do not have detrimental effects on EPCs (8). However, whether this is true in diabetic patients remains unclear.

Previous studies have shown that miR-126 governs vascular integrity (35) and is a biomarker or mediator of vascular diseases (11, 32). Downregulation of miR-126 impairs EPC function (23). EPC-MVs have been shown to improve ischemia-reperfusion injury of hindlimb and kidney through the transfer of miR-126 to target cells (6, 28). In the meantime, miR-126 has been reported to regulate angiogenic process and EC/EPC function by modulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) (13, 15). Our previous study found that EPC-MVs affect EC functions and apoptosis via their carried miR-126 (34). However, it is unknown whether EPC-MVs, as one type of MVs, would affect EPC functions through the miR-126 and its downstream VEGFR2 pathway.

In the present study, we determined the effects of cMVs and EPC-MVs of diabetic patients on EPC survival and functions and explored whether miR-126/VEGFR2 is involved in the mechanism.

 Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that has been shown to play a role in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as in neuropathic pain conditions.

The objective of the present study was to assess the levels of IL-10 in rat’s dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the sciatic nerve following four different forms of sciatic nerve injury. The models used to induce the injury included two models of partial nerve injury: partial sciatic ligation (PSL) and chronic constriction injury (CCI), a model of complete sciatic transection (CST) and a model of perineural inflammation with minimal nerve damage (neuritis). Withdrawal responses for mechanical stimulus and withdrawal latency for thermal stimulation were used to measure mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, respectively, and duration of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex to mechanical stimulus was used to measure mechanical hyperalgesia.

The affected and contra-lateral nerves and the affected side DRG IL-10 levels were assessed by the means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 3 and 8 days following the procedure and were compared to naïve rats’ IL-10 levels.

The rats exposed to CCI and neuritis developed significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia as well as mechanical hyperalgesia 3 and 8 days following the surgical procedure. Rats exposed to CST did not respond to mechanical stimulation and developed thermal hypoalgesia 3 and 8 days after the surgery.

The DRG IL-10 levels were significantly reduced 3 and 8 days following CCI and PSL, significantly increased 3 and 8 days following CST, and remained unchanged following neuritis.

The sciatic nerve IL-10 levels reduced significantly in both injured and contra-lateral nerves 3 and 8 days following CCI and PSL, elevated significantly in the injured but not in the contra-lateral nerve 3 and 8 days following CST and remained unchanged following neuritis. The results of this study suggest that IL-10’s role in the neuropathic pain etiology may be specific to nerve injury type.

Complete nerve transection increases while partial nerve injury reduces IL-10 levels in the involved nerve, and DRG. Perineural inflammation with minimal nerve damage has no effect on IL-10 levels.